Proper citation gives credit to original authors and allows readers to locate your sources. Different disciplines use different citation styles. The Library can help you understand and apply the correct style for your assignments and research papers.
| Style | Used In | Format | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| APA American Psychological Association | Social sciences, education, psychology, business | Author-date in text | Smith, J. (2020). Research Methods. Nairobi: PAC Press. |
| MLA Modern Language Association | Humanities, literature, languages | Author-page in text; Works Cited list | Smith, John. Research Methods. PAC Press, 2020. |
| Chicago | History, arts, social sciences | Footnotes or author-date; Bibliography | Smith, John. Research Methods. Nairobi: PAC Press, 2020. |
| Harvard | Widely used in UK & African universities | Author-date in text; Reference list | Smith, J. 2020. Research Methods. Nairobi: PAC Press. |
| Vancouver | Medicine, health sciences | Numbered references in text | 1. Smith J. Research Methods. Nairobi: PAC Press; 2020. |
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Free, open-source reference manager. Automatically formats citations and bibliographies in any style. Works as a browser plugin and desktop app.
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Reference manager and academic social network. Organise papers, cite while you write in Word, and collaborate with other researchers.
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Simple online generator for citations in over 1,000 styles. Enter a URL, book ISBN, or journal article details and get an instant citation.
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Auto-fills citation data by ISBN, URL, or title. Good for quick reference list generation in MLA, APA, and Chicago styles.
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