{"id":7457,"date":"2026-06-05T07:34:11","date_gmt":"2026-06-05T07:34:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lib.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/?page_id=7457"},"modified":"2026-06-10T05:43:49","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T05:43:49","slug":"citation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lib.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/index.php\/citation\/","title":{"rendered":"Citation"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7457\" class=\"elementor elementor-7457\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-421af51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-gap-beside-yes elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-column-vertical-align-stretch\" data-id=\"421af51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 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class=\"sni\"><a class=\"sna\" href=\"https:\/\/lib.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/index.php\/contact-us\/\" target=\"\">Contact Us<\/a><\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"sn-right\">\r\n    <a href=\"http:\/\/library.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/cgi-bin\/koha\/opac-user.pl\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"snbtn\"><i class=\"fas fa-user-circle\"><\/i> My Library Account<\/a>\r\n    <a href=https:\/\/lib.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/index.php\/new-arrivals-2\/\" target=\"\" class=\"sna sna-new\"><i class=\"fas fa-star\"><\/i> New Arrivals<\/a>\r\n    <button class=\"mob-tog\" id=\"mTog\"><i class=\"fas fa-bars\"><\/i><\/button>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/nav>\r\n<div class=\"mobm\" id=\"mMenu\">\r\n  <button class=\"mobm-x\" id=\"mClose\"><i class=\"fas fa-times\"><\/i><\/button>\r\n  <a href=\"http:\/\/library.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/cgi-bin\/koha\/opac-user.pl\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-user-circle\" style=\"margin-right:10px;color:var(--gold)\"><\/i>My Account<\/a>\r\n  <a href=\"http:\/\/library.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-book\" style=\"margin-right:10px;color:var(--gold)\"><\/i>Library Catalogue<\/a>\r\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/repo.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/home\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-database\" style=\"margin-right:10px;color:var(--gold)\"><\/i>Ghala Repository<\/a>\r\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/ezproxy.pacuniversity.ac.ke:2443\/login\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-wifi\" style=\"margin-right:10px;color:var(--gold)\"><\/i>Off-Campus Access<\/a>\r\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/lib.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/index.php\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-envelope\" style=\"margin-right:10px;color:var(--gold)\"><\/i>Contact Us<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"page-band\"><div class=\"w\">\r\n  <div class=\"pb-crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lib.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/index.php\/new-homepage\/\">Home<\/a><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i><span>Research Support<\/span><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i><span>Citation Styles &amp; Tools<\/span><\/div>\r\n  <h1>Citation Styles &amp; Tools<\/h1>\r\n  <div class=\"pb-line\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<main class=\"page-body\"><div class=\"w\">\r\n\r\n<p class=\"pg-para\">Proper citation gives credit to original authors and allows readers to locate your sources. Different disciplines use different citation styles. The Library can help you understand and apply the correct style for your assignments and research papers.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"pg-h2\">Common Citation Styles<\/div>\r\n<table class=\"cit-table\">\r\n  <thead><tr><th>Style<\/th><th>Used In<\/th><th>Format<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n  <tbody>\r\n    <tr><td><strong>APA<\/strong><br><small style=\"color:var(--muted)\">American Psychological Association<\/small><\/td><td>Social sciences, education, psychology, business<\/td><td>Author-date in text<\/td><td>Smith, J. (2020). <em>Research Methods.<\/em> Nairobi: PAC Press.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n    <tr><td><strong>MLA<\/strong><br><small style=\"color:var(--muted)\">Modern Language Association<\/small><\/td><td>Humanities, literature, languages<\/td><td>Author-page in text; Works Cited list<\/td><td>Smith, John. <em>Research Methods.<\/em> PAC Press, 2020.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n    <tr><td><strong>Chicago<\/strong><\/td><td>History, arts, social sciences<\/td><td>Footnotes or author-date; Bibliography<\/td><td>Smith, John. <em>Research Methods.<\/em> Nairobi: PAC Press, 2020.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n    <tr><td><strong>Harvard<\/strong><\/td><td>Widely used in UK &amp; African universities<\/td><td>Author-date in text; Reference list<\/td><td>Smith, J. 2020. <em>Research Methods.<\/em> Nairobi: PAC Press.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n    <tr><td><strong>Vancouver<\/strong><\/td><td>Medicine, health sciences<\/td><td>Numbered references in text<\/td><td>1. Smith J. Research Methods. Nairobi: PAC Press; 2020.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n  <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"pg-h2\">Free Citation Tools<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"tool-grid\">\r\n  <div class=\"tool-card\">\r\n    <div class=\"tool-ico\" style=\"background:rgba(208,52,44,.1);color:#d0342c\"><i class=\"fas fa-bookmark\"><\/i><\/div>\r\n    <h3>Zotero<\/h3>\r\n    <p>Free, open-source reference manager. Automatically formats citations and bibliographies in any style. Works as a browser plugin and desktop app.<\/p>\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zotero.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-external-link-alt\"><\/i> Visit Zotero<\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"tool-card\">\r\n    <div class=\"tool-ico\" style=\"background:rgba(186,57,37,.1);color:#ba3925\"><i class=\"fas fa-graduation-cap\"><\/i><\/div>\r\n    <h3>Mendeley<\/h3>\r\n    <p>Reference manager and academic social network. Organise papers, cite while you write in Word, and collaborate with other researchers.<\/p>\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mendeley.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-external-link-alt\"><\/i> Visit Mendeley<\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"tool-card\">\r\n    <div class=\"tool-ico\" style=\"background:rgba(0,104,56,.1);color:var(--green-dark)\"><i class=\"fas fa-quote-left\"><\/i><\/div>\r\n    <h3>Cite This For Me<\/h3>\r\n    <p>Simple online generator for citations in over 1,000 styles. Enter a URL, book ISBN, or journal article details and get an instant citation.<\/p>\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.citethisforme.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-external-link-alt\"><\/i> Visit Cite This For Me<\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"tool-card\">\r\n    <div class=\"tool-ico\" style=\"background:rgba(52,152,219,.1);color:#3498db\"><i class=\"fas fa-align-left\"><\/i><\/div>\r\n    <h3>EasyBib<\/h3>\r\n    <p>Auto-fills citation data by ISBN, URL, or title. Good for quick reference list generation in MLA, APA, and Chicago styles.<\/p>\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.easybib.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-external-link-alt\"><\/i> Visit EasyBib<\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  \r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/main>\r\n<footer class=\"footer\"><div class=\"ft-body\"><div class=\"w\">\r\n  <div class=\"ft-grid\">\r\n    <div><div class=\"ft-h\">Follow Us on Facebook<\/div><div class=\"ft-fb\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/page.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FPacUniversityLibrary%2F&tabs=timeline&width=340&height=280&small_header=true&adapt_container_width=true&hide_cover=false&show_facepile=true\" width=\"110%\" height=\"280\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; web-share\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\r\n    <div><div class=\"ft-h\">Search &amp; Access<\/div><div class=\"ft-lks\">\r\n      <a href=\"http:\/\/library.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-book\"><\/i> Library Catalogue<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/research.ebsco.com\/c\/lubth2\/results\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-search\"><\/i> EBSCO Search<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/repo.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-database\"><\/i> Ghala Repository<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/ezproxy.pacuniversity.ac.ke:2443\/login\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-wifi\"><\/i> Off-Campus Access<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"http:\/\/library.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/cgi-bin\/koha\/opac-user.pl\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-sync-alt\"><\/i> Renew Books Online<\/a>\r\n    <\/div><\/div>\r\n   <div><div class=\"ft-h\">About Library<\/div><div class=\"ft-lks\">\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/lib.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/index.php\/mission-vision2\/\" target=\"\"><i class=\"fas fa-bullseye\"><\/i> Mission &amp; Vision<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/lib.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/index.php\/library-membership\/\" target=\"\"><i class=\"fas fa-id-card\"><\/i> Membership<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/lib.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/index.php\/rulesregulations-2\/\" target=\"\"><i class=\"fas fa-gavel\"><\/i> Rules &amp; Regulations<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/lib.pacuniversity.ac.ke\/index.php\/message-from-the-librarian\/\" target=\"\"><i class=\"fas fa-user-tie\"><\/i> Message from Librarian<\/a>\r\n    <\/div><\/div>\r\n    <div><div class=\"ft-h\">Contact Us<\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ft-ci\"><i class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i><div><a href=\"mailto:librarian@pacuniversity.ac.ke\">librarian@pacuniversity.ac.ke<\/a><\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ft-ci\"><i class=\"fas fa-phone-alt\"><\/i><div><a href=\"tel:+254730955228\">0730 955 228<\/a> \/ 114 \/ 116<\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ft-ci\"><i class=\"fas fa-map-marker-alt\"><\/i><div>Along Lumumba Drive, Roysambu, Nairobi<\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"ft-ci\"><i class=\"fas fa-mail-bulk\"><\/i><div>P.O Box 56875-00200, Nairobi<\/div><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"ft-bot\">\r\n    <span>&copy; 2026 Richard Ondeng&#39; Library, Pan Africa Christian University. 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